Main Article Content
Abstract
The concept of data distribution measures plays a pivotal role in statistical education, fostering students’ data literacy, critical thinking, and evidence-based decision-making. Despite its importance, many students continue to struggle with interpreting statistical data, demonstrating low levels of statistical reasoning and limited ability to apply these concepts to real-world contexts. Addressing this gap, this study introduces a culturally grounded and context-based instructional design that integrates the traditional Javanese calendar system, Pranata Mangsa, into the learning of data distribution measures. The objective of this research is to develop a learning trajectory that supports students’ conceptual understanding of data distribution through meaningful and realistic mathematical experiences. This study involved 32 eighth-grade students from a junior high school in Central Java and employed a design research methodology encompassing three phases: preparation for the experiment, experimental design, and retrospective analysis. The instructional activities were implemented using the Video-assisted Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. The resulting learning trajectory comprises three interconnected activities, namely analyzing Pranata Mangsa video content to gather and present data, deriving formulas for data distribution measures, and solving contextual problems linked to the cultural theme. The findings indicate that the integration of culturally relevant contexts and visual media in PMRI effectively enhances students’ comprehension of statistical concepts. This research contributes to the field by offering a novel approach that bridges ethnomathematical elements with formal statistical instruction and serves as a reference for future studies seeking to incorporate local wisdom into mathematics education.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Farida Nursyahidah, Irkham Ulil Albab, Maya Rini Rubowo

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References
Andzin, N. S., Sari, P. Y. P., Widodo, R. C., Sukowati, D. I., Indriastuti, S., & Nursyahidah, F. (2024). Arithmetic Sequences and Series Learning Using Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted by Augmented Reality. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 18(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.v18i1.pp139-148
Aripin, U., Rosmiati, T., Rohaeti, E. E., & Hidayat, W. (2025). Learning Trajectory for Teaching the Mean Concept Using Problem-Based Learning and Animated Video. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 19(1).
Bermudez, V. N., Salazar, J., Garcia, L., Ochoa, K. D., Pesch, A., Roldan, W., Soto-Lara, S., Gomez, W., Rodriguez, R., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Ahn, J., & Bustamante, A. S. (2023). Designing culturally situated playful environments for early STEM learning with a Latine community. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 65, 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.06.003
Çetinkaya-Rundel, M., & Ellison, V. (2021). A Fresh Look at Introductory Data Science. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 29(sup1), S16–S26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2020.1804497
Da Silva, A. S., Barbosa, M. T. S., De Souza Velasque, L., Da Silveira Barroso Alves, D., & Magalhães, M. N. (2021). The COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: How statistics education may contribute to unravel the reality behind the charts. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 108(1–2), 269–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-021-10112-6
Dahlstrom-Hakki, I., & Wallace, M. L. (2022). Teaching Statistics to Struggling Students: Lessons Learned from Students with LD, ADHD, and Autism. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 30(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2022.2082601
Donoghue, T., Voytek, B., & Ellis, S. E. (2021). Teaching Creative and Practical Data Science at Scale. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 29(sup1), S27–S39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2020.1860725
Feeley, T. H., Keller, M., & Kayler, L. (2023). Using Animated Videos to Increase Patient Knowledge: A Meta-Analytic Review. Health Education & Behavior, 50(2), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/10901981221116791
Freudenthal, H., 1991. Revisiting Mathematics Education: China Lectures. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gravemeijer, K., & Cobb, P. (2006). Educational Design Research.
Gravemeijer, K., & Doorman, M. (n.d.). Context Problems in Realistic Mathematics Education: A Calculus Course as an Example.
Gravemeijer, K., & van Eerde, D. (2009). Design Research as a Means for Building a Knowledge Base for Teachers and Teaching in Mathematics Education. The Elementary School Journal, 109(5), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1086/596999
Hardiyanto, D., Asokawati, I., Majid, P. M., Maesaroh, A. T., & Nursyahidah, F. (2024). Learning Reflection Using Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted by GeoGebra Software. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 18(1).
Harper, F. K., Caudle, L. A., Flowers, C. E., Rainwater, T., & Quinn, M. F. (2023). Centering teacher and parent voice to realize culturally relevant computational thinking in early childhood. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 64, 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.05.001
Horton, N. J., & Hardin, J. S. (2021). Integrating Computing in the Statistics and Data Science Curriculum: Creative Structures, Novel Skills and Habits, and Ways to Teach Computational Thinking. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 29(sup1), S1–S3. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2020.1870416
Huang, W., London, J. S., & Perry, L. A. (2023). Project-Based Learning Promotes Students' Perceived Relevance in an Engineering Statistics Course: A Comparison of Learning in Synchronous and Online Learning Environments. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 31(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2022.2128119
Johannssen, A., Chukhrova, N., Schmal, F., & Stabenow, K. (2021). Statistical Literacy—Misuse of Statistics and Its Consequences. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 29(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2020.1860727
Kim, B., & Henke, G. (2021). Easy-to-Use Cloud Computing for Teaching Data Science. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 29(sup1), S103–S111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2020.1860726
Koga, S. (2025). Lessons to Demonstrate Statistical Literacy Skills: A Case Study of Japanese High School Students on Reading Statistical Reports. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 33(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2334903
Malalina, Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, & Hartono, Y. (2023). Developing mathematics teaching materials using maritime context for higher-order thinking in junior high school. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(1), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i1.pp173-190
Mazouchová, A., Jedličková, T., & Hlaváčová, L. (2021). Statistics Teaching Practice at Czech Universities with Emphasis on Statistical Software. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 14(4), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2021.140405
Meeran, S., Kodisang, S. M., Moila, M. M., Davids, M. N., & Makokotlela, M. V. (2024). Ethnomathematics in Intermediate Phase: Reflections on the Morabaraba Game as Indigenous Mathematical knowledge. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 28(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2024.2340095
Meryansumayeka, Zulkardi, Putri, R. I. I., & Hiltrimartin, C. (2022). Designing geometrical learning activities assisted with ICT media for supporting students' higher order thinking skills. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp135-148
Mesghina, A., Hong, G., & Durrell, A. (2024). Cooperative Learning in Introductory Statistics: Assessing Students' Perceptions, Performance, and Learning in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Groups. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 32(4), 444–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2302175
Nursyahidah, F. (2021). Learning Design on Surface Area and Volume of Cylinder Using Indonesian Ethno-mathematics of Traditional Cookie maker Assisted by GeoGebra. In Mathematics Teaching-Research Journal (Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 79–98).
Nursyahidah, F., Albab, I. U., & Mulyaningrum, E. R. (2023). Learning design of quadrilateral STEM-based through lesson study. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(11), em2352. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13747
Nursyahidah, F., Albab, I. U., & Rubowo, M. R. (2023). Learning Design of Sphere using Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted by Interactive Video. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 17(3).
Nursyahidah, F., Albab, I. U., & Rubowo, M. R. (2024). Development Hypothetical Learning Trajectory on Statistics Material in Grade VIII Using Realistic Mathematics Education at the Preliminary Stage with Pranata Mangsa Context. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(2).
Nursyahidah, F., Anindya, F. M., Yulianti, M. A., Prisanto, Z. I., & Rosario, M. A. R. (2025). Integrating Local Wisdom with Technology: Designing Learning Trajectory of Cylinder through Realistic Mathematics Education Approach. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 19(1).
Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. (2013). SLO • Netherlands institute for curriculum development.
Prahmana, R. C. I., Yunianto, W., Rosa, M., & Orey, D. C. (2021). Ethnomathematics: Pranatamangsa system and the birth-death ceremonial in Yogyakarta. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.22342/JME.12.1.11745.93-112
Prahmana, R. C. I., & D’Ambrosio, U. (2020). Learning Geometry and Values from Patterns: Ethnomathematics on the Batik Patterns of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(3), 439–456. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.3.12949.439-456
Pratiwi, M. D., Putri, R. I. I., & Zulkardi, Z. (2022). Mathematics Critical Thinking Ability Material Social Arithmethic class VII Assisted Video Animation in the Era of Covid-19. Infinity Journal, 11(2), 297. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v11i2.p297-310
Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, & Riskanita, A. D. (2022). Students' problem-solving ability in solving algebra tasks using the context of Palembang. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(3), 549–564. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i3.pp549-564
Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, Sari, N., Sagita, L., Siligar, E. I. P., & Sukma, Y. (2025). Learning numeracy using new Pempek mathematics. Journal on Mathematics Education, 16(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v16i1.pp1-22
Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, Z., Setyorini, N. P., Meitrilova, A., Permatasari, R., Saskiyah, S. A., & Nusantara, D. S. (2021). Designing a healthy menu project for Indonesian junior high school students. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(1), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.1.13239.133-146
Ramadhani, R., Saragih, S., & Napitupulu, E. E. (2022). Exploration of Students' Statistical Reasoning Ability in the Context of Ethnomathematics: A Study of the Rasch Model. Mathematics Teaching-Research Journal, 14(1), 138–168.
Ramadhani, R., Prahmana, R. C. I., Soeharto, & Saleh, A. (2024). Integrating traditional food and technology in statistical learning: A learning trajectory. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(4), 1277–1310. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i4.pp1277-1310
Ridha, S. K., Bostanci, H. B., & Kurt, M. (2022). Using Animated Videos to Enhance Vocabulary Learning at the Noble Private Technical Institute (NPTI) in Northern Iraq/Erbil. Sustainability, 14(12), 7002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127002
Rubel, L. H., Nicol, C., & Chronaki, A. (2021). A critical mathematics perspective on reading data visualizations: Reimagining through reformatting, reframing, and renarrating. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 108(1–2), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-021-10087-4
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