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Abstract
Problem-solving and mathematical connections are two important things in learning mathematics, namely as the goal of learning mathematics. However, it is unfortunate that the ability of students 'mathematical connections is very low so that it impacts on students' failure in solving mathematical problems. The writing of this paper aims to discuss the understanding of mathematical problems, mathematical problem solving, mathematical connections, and how they play a role in solving mathematical problems. The method used in writing this paper is a method of studying literature, which is reinforced by the example of a qualitative research result. The research subjects consisted of two eighth grade students of junior high school in Jember East Java, Indonesia, in 2017/2018. The research data consisted of written test results solving the mathematical problem as well as interview results. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis. From the results of literature studies and research results provide a conclusion that mathematical connections play an important role, namely as a tool for students to use in solving mathematical problems where students who have good mathematical connection skills succeed in solving mathematical problems well, while poor mathematical connection skills cause students to fail in solving mathematical problems.
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References
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- Anthony, G., & Walshaw, M. (2009). Effective pedagogy in mathematics. UNESCO: International Academy of Education.
- Arthur, Y. D, Owusu, E. K., Addo, S. A, & Arhin, A. K. (2018). Connecting mathematics to real life problems: A teaching quality that improves students’ mathematics interest. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 8(4), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-
- Baki, A., Çatlıoglu, H., Costu, S., & Birgin, O. (2009). Conceptions of high school students about mathematical connections to the real-life. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1),1402–1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.247.
- Bergeson, T. (2000). Teaching and learning mathematics: Using research to shift from the “yesterday” mind to the “tomorrow” mind. Washington, USA: State Super Intendant of Public Instruction.
- Charles, R. L., & O’Daffer, P. (1997). How to evaluate progress in problem solving. Reston, VA: NCTM.
- Curriculum Planning and Development Division Ministry Of Education Singapore. (2006). Secondary mathematics syllabuses. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/ education/syllabuses/sciences/files/maths-seconda-ry.pdf
- Dossey, J. A., Mc Crone, S. S., O’Sullivan. C., & Gonzales, P. (2006). Problem solving in the PISA and TIMSS 2003 assessment. Technical Report, US: Department of Education.
- Eli, J., Schroeder, M. J., & Lee, C. W. (2013). Mathematical connections and their relationship to mathematics knowledge for teaching geometry. School Science and Mathematics, 113(3), 120-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12009.
- Enrique, O. (2016). The problem solving process in a mathematics lassroom. Transformations, 1(1), 4-13.
- Jäder, J., Lithner, J., & Sidenvall, J. (2019). Mathematical problem solving in textbooks from twelve countries, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2019.1656826.
- Kirkley, J. (2003). Principle for teaching problem solving. Bloomington, USA: Plato Learning Inc. Liljedahl, P., Santos-Trigo, M., Malaspina, U, & Bruder, R. (2016). Problem Solving in Mathematics Education, ICME-13 Topical Surveys, Hamburg: Springer.
- Michigan State University. (2012). Connected mathematics: A research overview. Retrieved from https:// connectedmath.msu.edu/research/a-research-overview-pdf/
- Miles, B. M., Saldana, & Huberman. (2014). Qualitative data analysis [in Bahasa]. Jakarta: UI Press.
- Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2002). Integrated curriculum for secondary schools curriculum specifications mathematics form 2. Retrieved from http://rp.smkrajaperempuanipoh.com/ Sukatan%20pelajaran/ hsp_ maths_f2.pdf
- Moleong, L. J. (2013). Qualitative research methodology, revision of the 31st edition [in Bahasa]. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Moyer, J. C., Robison, V., & Cai, J. (2018). Attitudes of high-school students taught using traditional and reform mathematics curricula in middle school: A retrospective analysis. Educ Stud Math, 98, 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9809-4.
- OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 results in focus: What 15-year-old know and what they can do with what they know. Paris: OECD.
- OECD. (2016). PISA 2015 Result (Vol. 1): Excellence and equity in education. Paris: OECD.
- OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Results. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018- results.htm.
- Oktaviyanthi, R., & Agus, R. N. (2019). Exploration of students' problem solving abilities based on the category of mathematical literacy processes [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika,13(2), 163-184. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.13.2.7066.163-184.
- Pambudi, D. S. (2018). Analysis of mathematical connection activity of middle school students in solving mathematical problems in terms of attitude aspects [in Bahasa]. Unpublished Research Report. University of Jember: LP2M.
- Pambudi, D. S., Budayasa, I. K., Lukito, A. (2018). Mathematical connection profile of junior high school students in solving mathematical problems based on gender Difference. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 6(8), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i8.m01.
- Pehkonen, E. (1997). The state-of-art in mathematical creativity. ZDM, 29(3), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-997-0001-z.
- Polya, G. (1973). How to solve it: A new aspect of mathematical method. New Jersey USA: Princeton University Press.
- Romberg, T. (1994). Classroom instruction that fosters mathematical thinking and problem solving: connections between theory and practice. In A. Schoenfeld (Ed.). Mathematical Thinking and Problem Solving, 287-304. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Saminanto & Kartono. (2015). Analysis of mathematical connection ability in linear equation with one variable based on connectivity theory. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(4), 259-270.
- Saputri, N. W., & Zulkardi. (2020). Development of LKPD junior high school mathematics modeling using the context of an online motorcycle taxi [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika,14(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.14.1.6825.1-14.
- Sawyer, A. (2008). Making connections: Promoting connectedness in early mathematics education. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 429-435.
- Siregar, N. D., Surya, E. (2017). Analysis of students’ junior high school mathematical connection ability. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 33(2), 309-320.
- Skemp, R. R. (1976). Relational understanding and instrumental understanding. Mathematics Teaching, 77(1), 20-26.
- Sugiman, (2008). Mathematical connections in learning mathematics in junior high school [in Bahasa]. Retrieved from http://staff.uny.ac.id/dosen/Dr-sugiman-MSi
- Suharto & Widada, W. (2018). The contribution of mathematical connection and mathematical communication to problem solving ability. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 8(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20194048.
- Sumarmo, U. (2010). Mathematical thinking and disposition: What, why, and how it is developed in students [in Bahasa]. Retrieved from http://math.sps.upi.edu/wp- content/uploads/2010/02/Berfikirdan Disposisi Matematika-SPS.pdf
- Stacey, K. & Tuner, R. (2015). Assesing Mathematical Literacy: The PISA experience. Australia: Springer.
- The Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers. (2006). Standards for excellente in mathematics in Australian school. Retrieved from www.aamt.edu.au/content/download/499/2265/ file/standxtm.pdf
- Thompson, P. W. (2008). Conceptual analysis of mathematical ideas: Some spadework at the foundations of mathematics education. In O. Figueras, J. L. Cortina, S. Alatorre, T. Rojano & A. Sépulveda (Eds.), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education Mexico.
References
Altay, M. K., Yalvaç, B., & Yeltekin, E. (2017). 8th Grade Student’s Skill of Connecting Mathematics to Real Life. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(10), 158-166. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i10.2614.
Anthony, G., & Walshaw, M. (2009). Effective pedagogy in mathematics. UNESCO: International Academy of Education.
Arthur, Y. D, Owusu, E. K., Addo, S. A, & Arhin, A. K. (2018). Connecting mathematics to real life problems: A teaching quality that improves students’ mathematics interest. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 8(4), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-
Baki, A., Çatlıoglu, H., Costu, S., & Birgin, O. (2009). Conceptions of high school students about mathematical connections to the real-life. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1),1402–1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.247.
Bergeson, T. (2000). Teaching and learning mathematics: Using research to shift from the “yesterday” mind to the “tomorrow” mind. Washington, USA: State Super Intendant of Public Instruction.
Charles, R. L., & O’Daffer, P. (1997). How to evaluate progress in problem solving. Reston, VA: NCTM.
Curriculum Planning and Development Division Ministry Of Education Singapore. (2006). Secondary mathematics syllabuses. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/ education/syllabuses/sciences/files/maths-seconda-ry.pdf
Dossey, J. A., Mc Crone, S. S., O’Sullivan. C., & Gonzales, P. (2006). Problem solving in the PISA and TIMSS 2003 assessment. Technical Report, US: Department of Education.
Eli, J., Schroeder, M. J., & Lee, C. W. (2013). Mathematical connections and their relationship to mathematics knowledge for teaching geometry. School Science and Mathematics, 113(3), 120-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12009.
Enrique, O. (2016). The problem solving process in a mathematics lassroom. Transformations, 1(1), 4-13.
Jäder, J., Lithner, J., & Sidenvall, J. (2019). Mathematical problem solving in textbooks from twelve countries, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2019.1656826.
Kirkley, J. (2003). Principle for teaching problem solving. Bloomington, USA: Plato Learning Inc. Liljedahl, P., Santos-Trigo, M., Malaspina, U, & Bruder, R. (2016). Problem Solving in Mathematics Education, ICME-13 Topical Surveys, Hamburg: Springer.
Michigan State University. (2012). Connected mathematics: A research overview. Retrieved from https:// connectedmath.msu.edu/research/a-research-overview-pdf/
Miles, B. M., Saldana, & Huberman. (2014). Qualitative data analysis [in Bahasa]. Jakarta: UI Press.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2002). Integrated curriculum for secondary schools curriculum specifications mathematics form 2. Retrieved from http://rp.smkrajaperempuanipoh.com/ Sukatan%20pelajaran/ hsp_ maths_f2.pdf
Moleong, L. J. (2013). Qualitative research methodology, revision of the 31st edition [in Bahasa]. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Moyer, J. C., Robison, V., & Cai, J. (2018). Attitudes of high-school students taught using traditional and reform mathematics curricula in middle school: A retrospective analysis. Educ Stud Math, 98, 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9809-4.
OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 results in focus: What 15-year-old know and what they can do with what they know. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2016). PISA 2015 Result (Vol. 1): Excellence and equity in education. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Results. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018- results.htm.
Oktaviyanthi, R., & Agus, R. N. (2019). Exploration of students' problem solving abilities based on the category of mathematical literacy processes [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika,13(2), 163-184. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.13.2.7066.163-184.
Pambudi, D. S. (2018). Analysis of mathematical connection activity of middle school students in solving mathematical problems in terms of attitude aspects [in Bahasa]. Unpublished Research Report. University of Jember: LP2M.
Pambudi, D. S., Budayasa, I. K., Lukito, A. (2018). Mathematical connection profile of junior high school students in solving mathematical problems based on gender Difference. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 6(8), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i8.m01.
Pehkonen, E. (1997). The state-of-art in mathematical creativity. ZDM, 29(3), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-997-0001-z.
Polya, G. (1973). How to solve it: A new aspect of mathematical method. New Jersey USA: Princeton University Press.
Romberg, T. (1994). Classroom instruction that fosters mathematical thinking and problem solving: connections between theory and practice. In A. Schoenfeld (Ed.). Mathematical Thinking and Problem Solving, 287-304. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Saminanto & Kartono. (2015). Analysis of mathematical connection ability in linear equation with one variable based on connectivity theory. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(4), 259-270.
Saputri, N. W., & Zulkardi. (2020). Development of LKPD junior high school mathematics modeling using the context of an online motorcycle taxi [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika,14(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.14.1.6825.1-14.
Sawyer, A. (2008). Making connections: Promoting connectedness in early mathematics education. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 429-435.
Siregar, N. D., Surya, E. (2017). Analysis of students’ junior high school mathematical connection ability. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 33(2), 309-320.
Skemp, R. R. (1976). Relational understanding and instrumental understanding. Mathematics Teaching, 77(1), 20-26.
Sugiman, (2008). Mathematical connections in learning mathematics in junior high school [in Bahasa]. Retrieved from http://staff.uny.ac.id/dosen/Dr-sugiman-MSi
Suharto & Widada, W. (2018). The contribution of mathematical connection and mathematical communication to problem solving ability. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 8(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20194048.
Sumarmo, U. (2010). Mathematical thinking and disposition: What, why, and how it is developed in students [in Bahasa]. Retrieved from http://math.sps.upi.edu/wp- content/uploads/2010/02/Berfikirdan Disposisi Matematika-SPS.pdf
Stacey, K. & Tuner, R. (2015). Assesing Mathematical Literacy: The PISA experience. Australia: Springer.
The Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers. (2006). Standards for excellente in mathematics in Australian school. Retrieved from www.aamt.edu.au/content/download/499/2265/ file/standxtm.pdf
Thompson, P. W. (2008). Conceptual analysis of mathematical ideas: Some spadework at the foundations of mathematics education. In O. Figueras, J. L. Cortina, S. Alatorre, T. Rojano & A. Sépulveda (Eds.), Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education Mexico.