Main Article Content
Abstract
Fraction division is considered one of the most difficult concepts in learning fractions. This study aims to investigate students’ understanding of fraction division through a partition division conceptualization, utilizing their understanding of fractions as parts of a whole. To achieve this, we designed a hypothetical learning trajectory, in which students engaged with incomplete partition task. This article reports on a two-week design research intervention involving 21 fifth-grade students. The students’ written works, transcripts of teaching experiment recordings, and observational notes were retrospectively analyzed to examine the hypothetical learning trajectory. The study revealed that the students’ primary challenge was recognizing the correct whole during the teaching experiment. This study suggests that incorporating a stronger focus on proportional reasoning and varying fraction sizes in instructional approaches may help address this obstacle.
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References
- Adu-Gyamfi, K., Schwartz, C. S., Sinicrope, R., & Bossé, M. J. (2019). Making sense of fraction division: domain and representation knowledge of preservice elementary teachers on a fraction division task. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 31, 507-528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-019-00265-2
- Bakker, A. (2018). What is design research in education? In Design research in education: A practical guide for early career researchers (pp. 3-22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701010
- Bakker, A., & Smit, J. (2018). Using hypothetical learning trajectories in design research. In Design research in education: A practical guide for early career researchers (pp. 255-271). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701010
- Bulgar, S. (2003). Children’s sense-making of division of fractions. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 22(3), 319-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-3123(03)00024-5
- Čadež, T. H, & Kolar, V. M. (2018). How fifth-grade pupils reason about fractions: a reliance on part-whole subconstructs. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 99, 335-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9838-z
- Cramer, K., Monson, D., Whitney, S., Leavitt, S., & Wyberg, T. (2010). Dividing fractions and problem solving. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 15(6), 338-346. https://doi.org/10.5951/MTMS.15.6.0338
- Gravemeijer, K., & Cobb, P. (2006). Design research from a learning design perspective. In J. V. D. Akker, K. Gravemeijer, S. McKenney, & N. Nieveen (Eds.), Educational design research (pp. 29-63). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203088364
- Ivars, P., Fernández, C. & Llinares, S. (2020). A learning trajectory as a scaffold for pre-service teachers’ noticing of students’ mathematical understanding. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 18, 529–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-019-09973-4
- Laidin, D. R., & Tengah, K. A. (2021). Applying butterflu method in the learning of addition and subtraction of fractions. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 15(2), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.15.2.13934.161-174
- Lamon, S. J. (2020). Teaching Fractions and Ratios for Understanding (4th Edition). Routledge: New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008057
- Li, Y. (2008). What do students need to learn about division of fractions?. Mathematics teaching in the middle school, 13(9), 546-552. https://doi.org/10.5951/MTMS.13.9.0546
- Lo, J. J., & Luo, F. (2012). Prospective elementary teachers’ knowledge of fraction division. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 15, 481-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-012-9221-4
- Low, J., Shahrill, M., & Zakir, N. (2020). Solving fractions by applying the bar model concept with the butterfly method. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 14(2), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.14.2.11261.101-116
- Nieveen, N. M., McKenney, S., & van den Akker, J. (2006). Educational design research: The value of variety. In J. van den Akker, K. Gravemeijer, S. McKenney, & N. Nieveen (Eds.), Educational design research: The value of variety (pp. 151-158). Routledge. https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/educational-design-research-the-value-of-variety
- Ott, J. M., Snook, D. L., & Gibson, D. L. (1991). Understanding partitive division of fractions. The Arithmetic Teacher, 39(2), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.5951/AT.39.2.0007
- Pramudiani, P., Herman, T., Dolk, M., & Doorman, M. (2022). How does a missing part become important for primary school students in understanding fractions?. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(4), 565-586. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i4.pp565-586
- Prediger, S., Quabeck, K., & Erath, K. (2022). Conceptualizing micro-adaptive teaching practices in content-specific ways: Case study on fractions. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp1-30
- Purnomo, Y. W., Arlini, R., Nuriadin, I., & Aziz, T. A. (2021). Learning trajectory based on fractional sub-constructs: Using fractions as quotients to introduce fractions. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 13(3), 183-207. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1382607.pdf
- Putri, R. I. I., Setyorini, N. P., Meitrilova, A., Permatasari, R., Saskiyah, S. A., & Nusantara, D. S. (2021). Designing a healthy menu project for indonesian junior high school students. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(1), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.1.9786.135-144
- Roche, A., & Clarke, D. M. (2013). Primary teachers’ representations of division: Assessing mathematical knowledge that has pedagogical potential. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 25, 257-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13394-012-0060-5
- Rule, A. C., & Hallagan, J. E. (Eds.). (2006). Preservice elementary teachers use drawings and make sets of materials to explain multiplication and division of fractions. Proceedings from PMET ‟06: The 2nd Annual Preparing Mathematicians to Educate Teachers Conference. Oswego, NY. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED494956.pdf
- Sari, I. P., Suryadi, D., Herman, T., Dahlan, J. A., & Supriyadi, E. (2024). Learning obstacles on fractions: A scoping review. Infinity Journal, 13(2), 377-392. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v13i2.p377-392
- Setambah, M. A. B., Jaafar, A. N., Saad, M. I. M., & Yaakob, M. F. M. (2021). Fraction chiper: A way to enhance student ability in addition and subtraction fraction. Infinity Journal, 10(1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v10i1.p81-92
- Sharp, J., & Adams, B. (2002). Children's constructions of knowledge for fraction division after solving realistic problems. The Journal of Educational Research, 95(6), 333-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220670209596608
- Shin, M., & Bryant, D. P. (2015). Fraction interventions for students struggling to learn mathematics: A research synthesis. Remedial and Special Education, 36(6), 374-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932515572910
- Shin, J., & Lee, S. J. (2018). The alignment of student fraction learning with textbooks in Korea and the United States. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 51, 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2017.11.005
- Sidney, P. G., Thompson, C. A., & Rivera, F. D. (2019). Number lines, but not area models, support children’s accuracy and conceptual models of fraction division. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 58, 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.03.011
- Sinicrope, R., Mick, H. W., & Kolb, J. R. (2002). Fraction division interpretat. In B. Litwiller & G. Bright (Eds.), Making sense of fractions, ratios, and proportions, NCTM 2002 yearbook (pp. 153–161). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED474863
- Siegler, R. S., Fazio, L. K., Bailey, D. H., & Zhou, X. (2013). Fractions: The new frontier for theories of numerical development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.11.004
- Son, J. W., & Senk, S. L. (2010). How reform curricula in the USA and Korea present multiplication and division of fractions. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 74, 117-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-010-9229-6
- Streefland, L. (1991). Fractions in Realistic Mathematics Education: A Paradigm of Developmental Research (Vol. 8). The Netherlands: Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3168-1
- Van de Walle, J. A., Karp, K. S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2008). Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Elementary_and_Middle_School_Mathematics.html?id=nisCzwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
- Wahyu, K., Kuzu, T. E., Subarinah, S., Ratnasari, D., & Mahfudy, S. (2020). Partitive fraction division: Revealing and promoting primary students' understanding. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.11062.237-258
- Wilkins, J. L. M., & Norton, A. (2018). Learning progression toward a measurement concept of fractions. International Journal of STEM Education, 5(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0119-2
- Yeo, S. (2019). Investigating children's informal knowledge and strategies: The case of fraction division. Research in Mathematical Education, 22(4), 283-304. http://doi.org/10.7468/jksmed.2019.22.4.283
- Zaleta, C. K. (2006). Invented strategies for division of fractions. In Alatorre, S., Cortina, J.L., Saiz, M., and Mendez, A (Eds.). Proceeding of the 28th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Merida, Mexico: Universidad Pedagogica Nacional. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=77136e0514893005b78c081f0df074677a40f3a6#page=509
References
Adu-Gyamfi, K., Schwartz, C. S., Sinicrope, R., & Bossé, M. J. (2019). Making sense of fraction division: domain and representation knowledge of preservice elementary teachers on a fraction division task. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 31, 507-528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-019-00265-2
Bakker, A. (2018). What is design research in education? In Design research in education: A practical guide for early career researchers (pp. 3-22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701010
Bakker, A., & Smit, J. (2018). Using hypothetical learning trajectories in design research. In Design research in education: A practical guide for early career researchers (pp. 255-271). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701010
Bulgar, S. (2003). Children’s sense-making of division of fractions. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 22(3), 319-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-3123(03)00024-5
Čadež, T. H, & Kolar, V. M. (2018). How fifth-grade pupils reason about fractions: a reliance on part-whole subconstructs. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 99, 335-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9838-z
Cramer, K., Monson, D., Whitney, S., Leavitt, S., & Wyberg, T. (2010). Dividing fractions and problem solving. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 15(6), 338-346. https://doi.org/10.5951/MTMS.15.6.0338
Gravemeijer, K., & Cobb, P. (2006). Design research from a learning design perspective. In J. V. D. Akker, K. Gravemeijer, S. McKenney, & N. Nieveen (Eds.), Educational design research (pp. 29-63). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203088364
Ivars, P., Fernández, C. & Llinares, S. (2020). A learning trajectory as a scaffold for pre-service teachers’ noticing of students’ mathematical understanding. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 18, 529–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-019-09973-4
Laidin, D. R., & Tengah, K. A. (2021). Applying butterflu method in the learning of addition and subtraction of fractions. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 15(2), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.15.2.13934.161-174
Lamon, S. J. (2020). Teaching Fractions and Ratios for Understanding (4th Edition). Routledge: New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008057
Li, Y. (2008). What do students need to learn about division of fractions?. Mathematics teaching in the middle school, 13(9), 546-552. https://doi.org/10.5951/MTMS.13.9.0546
Lo, J. J., & Luo, F. (2012). Prospective elementary teachers’ knowledge of fraction division. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 15, 481-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-012-9221-4
Low, J., Shahrill, M., & Zakir, N. (2020). Solving fractions by applying the bar model concept with the butterfly method. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 14(2), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.14.2.11261.101-116
Nieveen, N. M., McKenney, S., & van den Akker, J. (2006). Educational design research: The value of variety. In J. van den Akker, K. Gravemeijer, S. McKenney, & N. Nieveen (Eds.), Educational design research: The value of variety (pp. 151-158). Routledge. https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/educational-design-research-the-value-of-variety
Ott, J. M., Snook, D. L., & Gibson, D. L. (1991). Understanding partitive division of fractions. The Arithmetic Teacher, 39(2), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.5951/AT.39.2.0007
Pramudiani, P., Herman, T., Dolk, M., & Doorman, M. (2022). How does a missing part become important for primary school students in understanding fractions?. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(4), 565-586. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i4.pp565-586
Prediger, S., Quabeck, K., & Erath, K. (2022). Conceptualizing micro-adaptive teaching practices in content-specific ways: Case study on fractions. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp1-30
Purnomo, Y. W., Arlini, R., Nuriadin, I., & Aziz, T. A. (2021). Learning trajectory based on fractional sub-constructs: Using fractions as quotients to introduce fractions. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 13(3), 183-207. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1382607.pdf
Putri, R. I. I., Setyorini, N. P., Meitrilova, A., Permatasari, R., Saskiyah, S. A., & Nusantara, D. S. (2021). Designing a healthy menu project for indonesian junior high school students. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(1), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.1.9786.135-144
Roche, A., & Clarke, D. M. (2013). Primary teachers’ representations of division: Assessing mathematical knowledge that has pedagogical potential. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 25, 257-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13394-012-0060-5
Rule, A. C., & Hallagan, J. E. (Eds.). (2006). Preservice elementary teachers use drawings and make sets of materials to explain multiplication and division of fractions. Proceedings from PMET ‟06: The 2nd Annual Preparing Mathematicians to Educate Teachers Conference. Oswego, NY. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED494956.pdf
Sari, I. P., Suryadi, D., Herman, T., Dahlan, J. A., & Supriyadi, E. (2024). Learning obstacles on fractions: A scoping review. Infinity Journal, 13(2), 377-392. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v13i2.p377-392
Setambah, M. A. B., Jaafar, A. N., Saad, M. I. M., & Yaakob, M. F. M. (2021). Fraction chiper: A way to enhance student ability in addition and subtraction fraction. Infinity Journal, 10(1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v10i1.p81-92
Sharp, J., & Adams, B. (2002). Children's constructions of knowledge for fraction division after solving realistic problems. The Journal of Educational Research, 95(6), 333-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220670209596608
Shin, M., & Bryant, D. P. (2015). Fraction interventions for students struggling to learn mathematics: A research synthesis. Remedial and Special Education, 36(6), 374-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932515572910
Shin, J., & Lee, S. J. (2018). The alignment of student fraction learning with textbooks in Korea and the United States. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 51, 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2017.11.005
Sidney, P. G., Thompson, C. A., & Rivera, F. D. (2019). Number lines, but not area models, support children’s accuracy and conceptual models of fraction division. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 58, 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.03.011
Sinicrope, R., Mick, H. W., & Kolb, J. R. (2002). Fraction division interpretat. In B. Litwiller & G. Bright (Eds.), Making sense of fractions, ratios, and proportions, NCTM 2002 yearbook (pp. 153–161). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED474863
Siegler, R. S., Fazio, L. K., Bailey, D. H., & Zhou, X. (2013). Fractions: The new frontier for theories of numerical development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.11.004
Son, J. W., & Senk, S. L. (2010). How reform curricula in the USA and Korea present multiplication and division of fractions. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 74, 117-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-010-9229-6
Streefland, L. (1991). Fractions in Realistic Mathematics Education: A Paradigm of Developmental Research (Vol. 8). The Netherlands: Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3168-1
Van de Walle, J. A., Karp, K. S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2008). Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Elementary_and_Middle_School_Mathematics.html?id=nisCzwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Wahyu, K., Kuzu, T. E., Subarinah, S., Ratnasari, D., & Mahfudy, S. (2020). Partitive fraction division: Revealing and promoting primary students' understanding. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.11062.237-258
Wilkins, J. L. M., & Norton, A. (2018). Learning progression toward a measurement concept of fractions. International Journal of STEM Education, 5(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0119-2
Yeo, S. (2019). Investigating children's informal knowledge and strategies: The case of fraction division. Research in Mathematical Education, 22(4), 283-304. http://doi.org/10.7468/jksmed.2019.22.4.283
Zaleta, C. K. (2006). Invented strategies for division of fractions. In Alatorre, S., Cortina, J.L., Saiz, M., and Mendez, A (Eds.). Proceeding of the 28th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Merida, Mexico: Universidad Pedagogica Nacional. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=77136e0514893005b78c081f0df074677a40f3a6#page=509