Main Article Content
Abstract
Problem solving behavior focuses on how students process to solve problems, while problem solving ability is a student's ability to solve problems. Problem solving behavior can identify students' problems in solving mathematical problems, so that students' mathematical problem solving abilities are achieved as expected. Therefore, it is important for students to develop their problem-solving behaviors. By paying attention to problem solving behavior, teachers can discover students' obstacles in solving problems. The study aims to describe the problem solving behavior of students with low, medium and high ability levels. The subjects of the study were first-year senior high school students. The students were given mathematical problem-solving questions and then interviewed. Based on the interview transcripts, the students were grouped based on the problem solving behavior rubric. However, a new category of problem solving behavior, i.e., semi-routine, was proposed because the existing behavior categories did not fully represent the observed problem solving behaviors. The results of this study showed that problem solving behaviors are categorized into apathetic, semi-routine, routine, semi-sophisticated, and sophisticated. Aspects of problem solving behaviors are knowledge ownership, control, beliefs, and affective. By improving students' problem-solving behavior, it is expected that students' mathematical problem solving abilities will also improve.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2024 Hafizatunnisa Hafizatunnisa, Yulyanti Harisman, Armiati Armiati, Mohd Hasril Amiruddin
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References
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- Atkins, L., Francis, J., Islam, R., O’Connor, D., Patey, A., Ivers, N., Foy, R., Duncan, E. M., Colquhoun, H., Grimshaw, J. M., Lawton, R., & Michie, S. (2017). A guide to using the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. Implementation Science, 12(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0605-9
- Attali, Y. (2015). Effects of multiple-try feedback and question type during mathematics problem-solving on performance in similar problems. Computers and Education, 86, 260–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.08.011
- Awofala, A. O. A., & Ajao, E. A. (2021). Trends in Research in Problem-solving in Mathematics. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 8(3), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v8i3p183
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- Chen, Z., Liao, X., Zhao, X., Dou, X., & Zhu, L. (2016). A semi-analytical mathematical model for transient pressure behavior of multiple fractured vertical well in coal reservoirs incorporating with diffusion, adsorption, and stress-sensitivity. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 29, 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.043
- De Assis, R. A., Pazim, R., Malavazi, M. C., Petry, P. P. D. C., De Assis, L. M. E., & Venturino, E. (2020). A Mathematical Model to describe the herd behaviour considering group defense. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 5(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.1.00002
- DeCaro, M. S., & Rittle-Johnson, B. (2012). Exploring mathematics problems prepares children to learn from instruction. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113(4), 552–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.009
- Elia, I., van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, M., & Kolovou, A. (2009). Exploring strategy use and strategy flexibility in non-routine problem-solving by primary school high achievers in mathematics. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, 41(5), 605–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-009-0184-6
- Fernández, T. G., Kroesbergen, E., Pérez, C. R., González-castro, P., & Gonzalez-pienda, J. A. (2015). Factors involved in making post-performance judgments in mathematics problem-solving. 27(4), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.25
- Friedman, L. M., Rapport, M. D., Orban, S. A., Eckrich, S. J., & Calub, C. A. (2018). Applied Problem-solving in Children with ADHD: The Mediating Roles of Working Memory and Mathematical Calculation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(3), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0312-7
- Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Seethaler, P. M., & Barnes, M. A. (2020). Addressing the role of working memory in mathematical word-problem-solving when designing intervention for struggling learners. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 52(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-019-01070-8
- Ghadiri Nejad, M., Güden, H., Vizvári, B., & Vatankhah Barenji, R. (2018). A mathematical model and simulated annealing algorithm for solving the cyclic scheduling problem of a flexible robotic cell. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017753912
- Harisman, Y., & Khairani, K. (2021). Student Problem-solving Behavior in Online Calculus Lectures [in Bahasa]. JNPM (Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Matematika), 5(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.33603/jnpm.v5i2.5423
- Harisman, Y., Noto, M. S., & Hidayat, W. (2021). Investigation Of Students’ Behavior In Mathematical Problem-solving. Infinity Journal, 10(2), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v10i2.p235-258
- Harun, L., Darhim, D., Dahlan, J. A., Harisman, Y., Sovia, A., & Bakar, M. T. (2019). Students’ gesture of naive, routine, and shopisticated behavior oriented on mathematical problem-solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157, 042074. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/4/042074
- Hawes, Z., & Ansari, D. (2020). What explains the relationship between spatial and mathematical skills? A review of evidence from brain and behavior. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 27(3), 465–482. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01694-7
- Irfan, M. (2017). Analysis of Student Errors in Problem-solving Based on Mathematics Learning Anxiety [in Bahasa]. Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 8(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v8i2.8779
- Ismawati, N., Junaedi, I., & Artikel, I. (2015). Strategi dan Proses Berpikir dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Berdasarkan Tingkat Kecemasan Matematika. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 4(2), 93–101.
- Jitendra, A. K., Dupuis, D. N., & Zaslofsky, A. F. (2014). Curriculum-based measurement and standards-based mathematics: Monitoring the arithmetic word problem-solving performance of third-grade students at risk for mathematics difficulties. Learning Disability Quarterly, 37(4), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731948713516766
- Kadir, K. (2023). Students ’ Mathematics Achievement Based on Performance Assessment through Problem-solving-Posing and Metacognition Level. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 15(3), 109–135.
- Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., Peters, G. J. Y., Mullen, P. D., Parcel, G. S., Ruiter, R. A. C., Fernández, M. E., Markham, C., & Bartholomew, L. K. (2016). A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: an Intervention Mapping approach. Health Psychology Review, 10(3), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155
- Muir, T., Beswick, K., & Williamson, J. (2008). “I’m not very good at solving problems”: An exploration of students’ problem-solving behaviours. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 27(3), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2008.04.003
- Ningsih, E. F. (2016). Student Thinking Process in Integral Application Problem-solving Viewed from Mathematics Learning Anxiety (Math Anxiety) [ in Bahasa]. Iqra’, 1(2), 191–216.
- Oliveri, M. E., & Reiss, D. (1981). A Theory‐Based Empirical Classification of Family Problem‐Solving Behavior. Family Process, 20(4), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1981.00409.x
- Özcan, Z. Ç. (2016). The relationship between mathematical problem-solving skills and self-regulated learning through homework behaviours, motivation, and metacognition. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 47(3), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2015.1080313
- Özcan, Z. Ç., & Eren Gümüş, A. (2019). A modeling study to explain mathematical problem-solving performance through metacognition, self-efficacy, motivation, and anxiety. Australian Journal of Education, 63(1), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944119840073
- Polya, G. (1973). How To Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method. New Jersey, USA: Pricenton University Press.
- Quezada, V. nica D. az. (2020). Difficulties and performance in mathematics competences: Solving problems with derivatives. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 10(4), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v10i4.12473
- Rodríguez, J. I., Plax, T. G., & Kearney, P. (1996). Clarifying the relationship between teacher nonverbal immediacy and student cognitive learning: Affective learning as the central causal mediator. Communication Education, 45(4), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529609379059
- Rohmah, M., & Sutiarso, S. (2018). Analysis problem-solving in mathematical using theory Newman. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 671–681. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80630
- Santoso, B., & Syarifuddin, H. (2020). Validity of Mathematic Learning Teaching Administration on Realistic Mathematics Education Based Approach to Improve Problem-solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1554(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1554/1/012001
- Schoenfeld, A. H. (2016). Learning to Think Mathematically: Problem-solving, Metacognition, and Sense Making in Mathematics (Reprint). Journal of Education, 196(2), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741619600202
- Siahaan, E. M., Dewi, S., & Said, H. B. (2018). Analysis of Mathematical Problem-solving Ability Based on Polya Theory in terms of Field Dependent and Field Independent Cognitive Styles on the subject of Trigonometry Class X SMA N 1 Jambi City [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(2), 100–110.
- Suryani, I., Maidiyah, E., Salasi, & Mardhiah, M. Z. (2020). Students’ mathematics problem-solving skills through the application of Problem-Based Learning model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1460(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012029
- Susilo, M. B., & Retnawati, H. (2018). An Analysis of Metacognition and Mathematical Self-Efficacy Toward Mathematical Problem-solving Ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1097(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012140
- Utami, D. N., Kusmanto, B., & Widodo, S. A. (2019). Analysis of Errors in Working on Geometry Problems [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Edukasi Matematika Dan Sains, 7(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.25273/jems.v7i1.5290
- Xin, Y. P., Park, J. Y., Tzur, R., & Si, L. (2020). The impact of a conceptual model-based mathematics computer tutor on multiplicative reasoning and problem-solving of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 58(December 2019), 100762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2020.100762
- Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A Social Cognitive View of Self-Regulated Academic Learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.329
References
Adhimah, O. K., Ekawati, R., & Fardah, D. K. (2020). Students' Problem-Solving Behavior in Solving Contextual Mathematics Problems Seen from Mathematics Anxiety [in Bahasa]. MATHEdunesa, 9(1), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.26740/mathedunesa.v9n1.p145-154
Apriyani, F., & Imami, A. I. (2022). Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability in Vocational School Students Seen from Mathematics Anxiety [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 8(1), 236–246. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v8i1.1973
Atkins, L., Francis, J., Islam, R., O’Connor, D., Patey, A., Ivers, N., Foy, R., Duncan, E. M., Colquhoun, H., Grimshaw, J. M., Lawton, R., & Michie, S. (2017). A guide to using the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. Implementation Science, 12(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0605-9
Attali, Y. (2015). Effects of multiple-try feedback and question type during mathematics problem-solving on performance in similar problems. Computers and Education, 86, 260–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.08.011
Awofala, A. O. A., & Ajao, E. A. (2021). Trends in Research in Problem-solving in Mathematics. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 8(3), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v8i3p183
Chaput, J.-P., Willumsen, J., Bull, F., Chou, R., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Jago, R., Ortega, F. B., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2020). 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years: summary of the evidence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01037-z
Chen, Z., Liao, X., Zhao, X., Dou, X., & Zhu, L. (2016). A semi-analytical mathematical model for transient pressure behavior of multiple fractured vertical well in coal reservoirs incorporating with diffusion, adsorption, and stress-sensitivity. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 29, 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.043
De Assis, R. A., Pazim, R., Malavazi, M. C., Petry, P. P. D. C., De Assis, L. M. E., & Venturino, E. (2020). A Mathematical Model to describe the herd behaviour considering group defense. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 5(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.1.00002
DeCaro, M. S., & Rittle-Johnson, B. (2012). Exploring mathematics problems prepares children to learn from instruction. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113(4), 552–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.009
Elia, I., van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, M., & Kolovou, A. (2009). Exploring strategy use and strategy flexibility in non-routine problem-solving by primary school high achievers in mathematics. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, 41(5), 605–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-009-0184-6
Fernández, T. G., Kroesbergen, E., Pérez, C. R., González-castro, P., & Gonzalez-pienda, J. A. (2015). Factors involved in making post-performance judgments in mathematics problem-solving. 27(4), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.25
Friedman, L. M., Rapport, M. D., Orban, S. A., Eckrich, S. J., & Calub, C. A. (2018). Applied Problem-solving in Children with ADHD: The Mediating Roles of Working Memory and Mathematical Calculation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(3), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0312-7
Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Seethaler, P. M., & Barnes, M. A. (2020). Addressing the role of working memory in mathematical word-problem-solving when designing intervention for struggling learners. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 52(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-019-01070-8
Ghadiri Nejad, M., Güden, H., Vizvári, B., & Vatankhah Barenji, R. (2018). A mathematical model and simulated annealing algorithm for solving the cyclic scheduling problem of a flexible robotic cell. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017753912
Harisman, Y., & Khairani, K. (2021). Student Problem-solving Behavior in Online Calculus Lectures [in Bahasa]. JNPM (Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Matematika), 5(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.33603/jnpm.v5i2.5423
Harisman, Y., Noto, M. S., & Hidayat, W. (2021). Investigation Of Students’ Behavior In Mathematical Problem-solving. Infinity Journal, 10(2), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v10i2.p235-258
Harun, L., Darhim, D., Dahlan, J. A., Harisman, Y., Sovia, A., & Bakar, M. T. (2019). Students’ gesture of naive, routine, and shopisticated behavior oriented on mathematical problem-solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157, 042074. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/4/042074
Hawes, Z., & Ansari, D. (2020). What explains the relationship between spatial and mathematical skills? A review of evidence from brain and behavior. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 27(3), 465–482. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01694-7
Irfan, M. (2017). Analysis of Student Errors in Problem-solving Based on Mathematics Learning Anxiety [in Bahasa]. Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 8(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v8i2.8779
Ismawati, N., Junaedi, I., & Artikel, I. (2015). Strategi dan Proses Berpikir dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Berdasarkan Tingkat Kecemasan Matematika. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 4(2), 93–101.
Jitendra, A. K., Dupuis, D. N., & Zaslofsky, A. F. (2014). Curriculum-based measurement and standards-based mathematics: Monitoring the arithmetic word problem-solving performance of third-grade students at risk for mathematics difficulties. Learning Disability Quarterly, 37(4), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731948713516766
Kadir, K. (2023). Students ’ Mathematics Achievement Based on Performance Assessment through Problem-solving-Posing and Metacognition Level. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 15(3), 109–135.
Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., Peters, G. J. Y., Mullen, P. D., Parcel, G. S., Ruiter, R. A. C., Fernández, M. E., Markham, C., & Bartholomew, L. K. (2016). A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: an Intervention Mapping approach. Health Psychology Review, 10(3), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155
Muir, T., Beswick, K., & Williamson, J. (2008). “I’m not very good at solving problems”: An exploration of students’ problem-solving behaviours. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 27(3), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2008.04.003
Ningsih, E. F. (2016). Student Thinking Process in Integral Application Problem-solving Viewed from Mathematics Learning Anxiety (Math Anxiety) [ in Bahasa]. Iqra’, 1(2), 191–216.
Oliveri, M. E., & Reiss, D. (1981). A Theory‐Based Empirical Classification of Family Problem‐Solving Behavior. Family Process, 20(4), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1981.00409.x
Özcan, Z. Ç. (2016). The relationship between mathematical problem-solving skills and self-regulated learning through homework behaviours, motivation, and metacognition. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 47(3), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2015.1080313
Özcan, Z. Ç., & Eren Gümüş, A. (2019). A modeling study to explain mathematical problem-solving performance through metacognition, self-efficacy, motivation, and anxiety. Australian Journal of Education, 63(1), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944119840073
Polya, G. (1973). How To Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method. New Jersey, USA: Pricenton University Press.
Quezada, V. nica D. az. (2020). Difficulties and performance in mathematics competences: Solving problems with derivatives. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 10(4), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v10i4.12473
Rodríguez, J. I., Plax, T. G., & Kearney, P. (1996). Clarifying the relationship between teacher nonverbal immediacy and student cognitive learning: Affective learning as the central causal mediator. Communication Education, 45(4), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529609379059
Rohmah, M., & Sutiarso, S. (2018). Analysis problem-solving in mathematical using theory Newman. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 671–681. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80630
Santoso, B., & Syarifuddin, H. (2020). Validity of Mathematic Learning Teaching Administration on Realistic Mathematics Education Based Approach to Improve Problem-solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1554(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1554/1/012001
Schoenfeld, A. H. (2016). Learning to Think Mathematically: Problem-solving, Metacognition, and Sense Making in Mathematics (Reprint). Journal of Education, 196(2), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741619600202
Siahaan, E. M., Dewi, S., & Said, H. B. (2018). Analysis of Mathematical Problem-solving Ability Based on Polya Theory in terms of Field Dependent and Field Independent Cognitive Styles on the subject of Trigonometry Class X SMA N 1 Jambi City [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(2), 100–110.
Suryani, I., Maidiyah, E., Salasi, & Mardhiah, M. Z. (2020). Students’ mathematics problem-solving skills through the application of Problem-Based Learning model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1460(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012029
Susilo, M. B., & Retnawati, H. (2018). An Analysis of Metacognition and Mathematical Self-Efficacy Toward Mathematical Problem-solving Ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1097(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012140
Utami, D. N., Kusmanto, B., & Widodo, S. A. (2019). Analysis of Errors in Working on Geometry Problems [in Bahasa]. Jurnal Edukasi Matematika Dan Sains, 7(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.25273/jems.v7i1.5290
Xin, Y. P., Park, J. Y., Tzur, R., & Si, L. (2020). The impact of a conceptual model-based mathematics computer tutor on multiplicative reasoning and problem-solving of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 58(December 2019), 100762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2020.100762
Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A Social Cognitive View of Self-Regulated Academic Learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.329